大学生英语演讲稿
大学生英语演讲稿 1
Nineteen years ago, almost to the day, we lost three astronauts in a terrible accident on the ground. But we've never lost an astronaut in flight. We've never had a tragedy like this. And perhaps we've forgotten the courage it took for the crew of the shuttle. But they, the Challenger Seven, were aware of the dangers, but overcame them and did their jobs brilliantly. We mourn seven heroes: Michael Smith, Dick Scobee, Judith Resnik, Ronald McNair, Ellison Onizuka, Gregory Jarvis, and Christa McAuliffe. We mourn their loss as a nation together.
For the families of the seven, we cannot bear, as you do, the full impact of this tragedy. But we feel the loss, and we're thinking about you so very much. Your loved ones were daring and brave, and they had that special grace, that special spirit that says, "Give me a challenge, and I'll meet it with joy." They had a hunger to explore the universe and discover its truths. They wished to serve, and they did. They served all of us.
We've grown used to wonders in this century. It's hard to dazzle us. But for twenty-five years the United States space program has been doing just that. We've grown used to the idea of space, and, perhaps we forget that we've only just begun. We're still pioneers. They, the members of the Challenger crew, were pioneers.
There's a coincidence today. On this day three hundred and ninety years ago, the great explorer Sir Francis Drake died aboard ship off the coast of Panama. In his lifetime the great frontiers were the oceans, and a historian later said, "He lived by the sea, died on it, and was buried in it." Well, today, we can say of the Challenger crew: Their dedication was, like Drake's, complete.
And I want to say something to the schoolchildren of America who were watching the live coverage of the shuttle's take-off. I know it's hard to understand, but sometimes painful things like this happen. It's all part of the process of exploration and discovery. It's all part of taking a chance and expanding man's horizons. The future doesn't belong to the fainthearted; it belongs to the brave. The Challenger crew was pulling us into the future, and we'll continue to follow them.
The crew of the space shuttle Challenger honored us by the manner in which they lived their lives. We will never forget them, nor the last time we saw them, this morning, as they prepared for their journey and waved goodbye and "slipped the surly bonds of earth" to "touch the face of God."
I've always had great faith in and respect for our space program. And what happened today does nothing to diminish it. We don't hide our space program. We don't keep secrets and cover things up. We do it all up front and in public. That's the way freedom is, and we wouldn't change it for a minute.
We'll continue our quest in space. There will be more shuttle flights and more shuttle crews and, yes, more volunteers, more civilians, more teachers in space. Nothing ends here; our hopes and our journeys continue.
I want to add that I wish I could talk to every man and woman who works for NASA, or who worked on this mission and tell them: "Your dedication and professionalism have moved and impressed us for decades. And we know of your anguish. We share it."
Thank you.
大学生英语演讲稿 2
Good afternoon ladies and gentlmen,It is my great pleasure to stand here to present my speech——
As you slowly open your eyes, look around, notice where the light comes into your room; listen carefully, see if there are new sounds you can recognize; feel with your body and spirit, and see if you can sense the freshness in the air.
Yes, yes, yes, it’s a new day, it’s a different day, and it’s a bright day! And most importantly, it’s a new beginning for your life, a beginning where you are going to make new decisions, take new actions, make some new friends, and take your life to a totally unprecedented(空前的) level. In your mind’s eye, you can see clearly the things you want to have, the paces you intend to go, the relationships you desire to develop, and the positions you aspire（励志） to reach.
You can hear your laughters of joy and happiness on the day when everything happens as you dream. You can see the smiles on the people around you when the magic moment strikes. You can feel your face is getting red, yo
ur heart is beating fast, and your blood is rushing all over your body, to every single corner of your being!
You know all this is real as long as you are confident, passionate and committed!(效忠的) And you are confident, you are passionate, you are committed!
You will no longer fear making new sounds, showing new facial expressions, using your body in new ways, approaching new people, and asking new questions.
You will live every single day of your life with absolute passion, and you will show your passion through the words you speak and the actions you take.
You will focus all your time and effort on the most important goals of your life. You will never succumb(屈服,屈从) to challenges of hardships. You will never waver(动摇) in your pursuit of excellence. After all, you are the best, and you deserve the best!
As your classmate coach and friend, I can assure you the door to all the best things in the world will open to you, but the key to that door is in your hand. You must do your part. You must faithfully follow the plans you make and take the actions you plan; you must never quit and you must never fear. I know you must do it, you can do it, you will do it, and you will succeed! Now stand firm and tall, make a fist, get excited, and yell it out:
I must do it! I can do it! I will do it! I will succeed!
I must do it! I can do it! I will do it! I will succeed!
I must do it! I can do it! I will do it! I will succeed!
女士们、先生们下午好，很荣幸能站在这里发表我的演说——
当你慢慢睁开眼睛，环顾四周，注意到光线进入你的房间；仔细聆听，看看是否有新的声音你能认出；感受你的身体和精神，看看你是否能感觉到新鲜的空气。
是的，是的，这是一个新的一天，它是不同的一天，它是明亮的一天！最重要的是，它是你生命的新的开始，一个你要做出新的决定，采取新的行动，交新的朋友，将你的生活带到一个前所未有的（空前的）水平。
在你的脑海里，你能清晰地看到你想要的东西，你打算去的地方，你渴望发展的关系，渴望你的立场（励志）达到。
你能听到你的笑声的欢乐和幸福的日子你梦想的一切发生。你可以看到你周围的人的微笑，当魔术时刻罢工。你能感觉到你的脸变红了，你的心正在快速跳动，你的血液正快速地涌上你的身体，你的每一个角落！
你知道所有这一切都是真实的，只要你有信心，热情和坚定！（效忠的）你有信心，你是热情的，你承诺！
你将不再害怕发出新的声音，展示新的.面部表情，用你的身体以新的方式，接近新的人，并提出新的问题。
你将生活的每一天都充满着绝对的激情，你会用你所说的话和你所采取的行动表现出你的激情。
你会把所有的时间和精力集中在你生命中最重要的目标上。你将永远不会屈服于（屈服，屈从）对困难的挑战。
你不会动摇（动摇）你追求卓越。毕竟，你是最好的，你应该得到最好的！
作为你的同学和朋友，我可以向你保证，世界上一切美好事物的大门都将向你敞开大门，但关键是你的手。你必须做你的一部分。你必须忠实地按照你制定的计划，并采取行动，你必须永不放弃，你必须永远不要害怕。我知道你必须这样做，你可以做到，你会做到，你会成功！现在，坚定地站起来，做一个拳头，兴奋起来，并且大声喊出来： 我必须这样做！我可以做它！我会做的！我会成功！
我必须这样做！我可以做它！我会做的！我会成功！
我必须这样做！我可以做它！我会做的！我会成功！
大学生英语演讲稿 3
Dear teachers， dear students：
hello everyone！The topic of my speech is ＂the hardness of life＂.
The vast desert， a tree stand， the show is a monument to the image.
Towering mountains， thousands of tree stand up， as is a magnificent the Great Wall.
The long river， all the trees stood up into a dragon of glory.
We are a symbol of too much， and too much. But I believe that my image is not ＂the gentlest hands， skin， such as Diorskin＂ Lin Daiyu， nor is the modern ＂unkempt and shabby＂， ＂Su Qier＂. We are a symbol of hope and vitality. So we show in front of others should be ed without pleats， face without scale， modest and polite gestures exudes a stream of heroic spirit， the image of the vigor and vitality of the modern new youth， a into the embodiment of the spirit of nature.
Someone once said， life is a kind of hardness， integrity and dignity of life is propped up the hardness of bone. ＂Better life＂ and ＂the Kui back in the day， and not ashamed on the ground＂， which is always the traditional virtue of the China. Li Bai＇s ＂the eyebrow nengcui Zheyaoshan powerful thing， so that I may not be happy Yan＂ this awe inspiring atmosphere of the verse and whether it will make those no self-esteem people to shame？ Loss of self-esteem is a worthless person， and we as the vanguard of the times， if drown in the darkness forever， or to do a dauntless hero， a flower in the wind and rain sonorous rose.
The answer is self-evident. Desert desolate also has the monument stands， Castle Peak again proud， but also have the great wall around， the river again quiet， also there is a dragon in the recumbent. But the time can be changed， our image， our glory remains the same. Because we pride， because we are confident， because we have a fresh life. And because of this， it is a vast desert riparian long， Qingshan was evergreen， the hardness of life is forever.
大学生英语演讲稿 4
law opened the bottom drawer of my sisters bureau and lifted out a tissue-wrapped package. this, he said, is not a slip. this is lingerie. he discarded the tissue and handed me the slip.
it was exquisite, silk, handmade and trimmed with a cobweb of lace. the price tag with an astronomical figure on it was still attached.
jan bought this the first time we went to new york, at least 8 or 9 years ago. she never wore it. she was saving it for a special occasion.
well, i guethis is the occasion.
he took the slip from me and put it on the bed, with the other clothes we were taking to the mortician. his hands lingered on the soft material for a moment, then he slammed the drawer shut and turned to me, dont ever save anything for a special occasion. every day you re alive is a special occasion.
i remembered those words through the funeral and the days that followed when i helped him and my niece attend to all the sad chores that follow an unexpected death. i thought about them on the plane returning to california from the midwestern town where my sisters family lives. i thought about all the things that she hadnt seen or heard or done. i thought about the things that she had done without realizing that they were special.
im still thinking about his words, and theyve changed the weeds in the garden. im spending more time with my family and friends and letime in committee meetings. whenever possible, life should be a pattern of experience to savour, not endure. im trying to recognize these moment now and cherish them.
im not saving anything; we use our good china and crystal for every special. event such as losing a pound, getting the sink unstopped, the first camellia blossom… i wear my good blazer to the market if i feel like it. my theory is if i look prosperous, i can shell out $28. 49 for one small bag of groceries without wincing. im not saving my good perfume for special parties; clerks in hardware stores and tellers in banks have noses that function as well as my party going friends.
someday and one of these days are losing their grip on my vocabulary. if its worth seeing or hearing or doing, i want to see and hear and do it now. im not sure what my sister wouldve done had she know that she wouldnt be here for the tomorrow we all take for granted.
i think she would have called family members and a few close friends. she might have called a few former friends to apologize, and mend fences for past squabbles. i like to think she would have gone out for a chinese dinner, her favorite food. im guessing. ill never know.
its those little things left undone that would make me angry if i knew that my hours were limited. angry because i put off seeing good friends whom i was going to get in touch with someday. angry because i hadnt written certain letters that i intended to write one of these days. angry and sorry that i didnt tell my husband and daughter often enough how much i truly love them.
im trying very hard not to put off, hold back, or save anything that would add laughter and luster to our lives. and every morning when i open my eyes, i tell myself that every day, every minute, every breath truly, is... a gift from god.
thank you for giving me this opportunity to improve my oral english. thank you
大学生英语演讲稿 5
Knowing the Consequences of Choice
Over the past Spring Festival, I got involved in a family dispute. Right before I got home, four satellite channels of CCTV were added to the 14 channels we had already had. In prime time at night, they all had interesting shows. Therefore, the five of us-my parents, my sisters and I-had to argue over what to watch. Finally, we agreed that we should watch the "most interesting" programme... If we
could agree what that was.
However, all of us there remember that for a long time after we had TV, there were only one or two channels available. The increase in options reveals an important change in our life: the abundance of choice.
Fifteen years ago we all dressed in one style and in one colour. Today, we select from a wide variety of designs and shades.
Fifteen years ago, we read few newspapers. Today, we read English newspapers like the China Daily and the 21st Century, as well as various Chinese newspapers.
Fifteen years ago, English majors took only courses in language and literature. Today, we also study Western culture, journalism, business communications, international relations, and computer science.
The emergence of choices marks the beginning of a new era in China's history; an era of diversity, of material and cultural richness, and an era of the rebirth of the Chinese nation. We enjoy the abundance of choice. But this has not come easily.
About 150 years ago, China was forced to open up its door by Western canons and gunboats. It has been through the struggle and sacrifice of generations that we finally have gained the opportunity to choose for ourselves. The policy of reform and openness is the choice that has made all the difference.
Like others of my age, I'm too young to have experienced the time when the Chinese people had no right to choose. However, as the next century draws near, it is time to ask: What does choice really mean to us young people?
Is choice a game that relies on chance or luck? Is choice an empty promise that never materializes? Or is choice a puzzle so difficult that we have to avoid it?
First, I would like to say: To choose means to claim opportunities.
I am a third-year English major. An important choice for me, of course, is what to do upon graduation. I can go to graduate school, at home or abroad. I can go to work as a teacher, a translator, a journalist, an editor and a diplomat. Actually, the system of mutual selection has allowed me to approach almost every career opportunity in China.
Indeed, this is not going to be an easy choice. I would love to work in such big cities as Beijing or Shanghai or Shenzhen. I would also love to return to my hometown, which is intimate, though slightly lagging in development. I would love to stay in the coastal area where life is exciting and fast-paced. I would also love to put down roots in central and western China, which is underdeveloped, but holds great potential.
All of these sound good. But they are only possibilities. To those of us who are bewildered at the abundance of opportunities, I would like to say: To choose means to accept challenge. To us young people, challenge often emerges in the form of competition. In the next century, competition will not only come from other college graduates, but also from people of all ages and of all origins.
With increasing international exchanges, we have to face growing competition from the whole outside world. This is calling for a higher level of our personal development.
Fifteen years ago, the knowledge of a foreign language or of computer operation was considered merely an advantage. But today, with wider educational opportunities, this same knowledge has become essential to everyone.
Given this situation, even our smallest choices will require great wisdom and personal determination.
As we gain more initiative in choice making, the consequence of each choice also becomes more important.
As we gain more initiative in choice making, the consequence of each choice also becomes more important.
Nuclear power, for instance, may improve our quality of life. But it can also be used to damage the lives and possessions of millions.
Economic development has enriched our lives but brought with it serious harm to our air, water and health.
To those of us who are blind to the consequences of their choices, I would like to say, To choose means to take responsibility. When we are making choices for ourselves, we cannot casually say: "It's just my own business. " As policy makers of the next century, we cannot fail to see our responsibility to those who share the earth with us.
The traditional Chinese culture teaches us to study hard and work hard so as to honor our family. To me, however, this family is not just the five of us who quarreled over television programmes. Rather, it is the whole of the human family. As I am making my choices, I will not forget the smile of my teacher when I correctly spelled out the word "China" for the first time, I will not forget the happy faces of the boys and girls we helped to send back to school in the mountains of Jiangxi Province. I will not forget the tearful eyes of women and children in Bosnia, Chechnya and Somali, where millions are suffering from war, famine or poverty.
All these people, known and unknown, make up our big human family. At different points, they came into my life and broaden my perspective. Now as I am to make choices for myself, it is time to make efforts to improve their lives, because a world will benefit us all only if every one in it can lead a peaceful and prosperous life.
大学生英语演讲稿 6
Wide sea diving, the days of the birds to fly. Everyone carries a dream of their own.However, what is the dream? What is dream? Dream is looking forward to, and the dream is strong - is fleeting dream you insist on the ideal as their courage and perseverance, are you responsible for their own highest level. But ask yourself, how many of us to accomplish his original dream in mind?grand ambitions; perhaps, is the adolescent confusion and impulsive; maybe just a plain desire, desire applause, eager for success. Countless "may," innumerable "hope" because of our youthful full of miracles, large and small dreams in our hearts, in every corner of life filled with fragrance.Only the ideal but no effort is useless.
If you want to be a teacher, you should to study hard. If you want to be a player, you should do more exercises.
If you want to become a businessman, he should learn to get along with people. For example, my wish is to be a famous writer grew up, because I really love writing, so from now on, I should read more, more accumulate knowledge, and strive to improve writing level. No pains, no gains, because my efforts, so my article was punished in many newspapers , and in many composition contest, I see the success I'm happy, so, struggle is the bridge to the ideal.Yes, my dream. to give my famliy a warm, give my friend happy. Yes, my dream.
The podium from the first station began his love this place, started from the first published an article looking forward to the world of words, decided to stay here from the beginning, stick to bottom of my heart desire.Years in our faces no matter how many additional traces, no matter how much things to us across the chest wounds, as long as we have the right to breathe, to have a passion for remodeling dreams! Oxygen to survive as long as we have to have the courage to create a passion!
Choose to continue, select the value, select the achievements of the passion of life, the brave hearts of the initial dream of success!
梦想英文演讲稿翻译
海阔凭鱼跃，天高任鸟飞。每个人都怀揣着一个属于自己的梦想。
然而，什么是梦?什么又是梦想?梦是期待，而梦想是坚强--是你把飘渺的梦坚持作为自己理想的勇气和执著，是你对自己负责的最高境界。但扪心自问，我们有多少人能够成就自己心中最初的梦想?我们的梦想，是一个简单的信念，是一份对自己未来与生命的责任。也许，是二十岁的豪情壮志;也许，是青春期的迷茫与冲动;也许只是一份平淡的渴望，渴望掌声，渴望成功。无数的`“可能”，无数的“希望”，因为我们的青春岁月充满奇迹，我们心中大大小小的梦，在生活的每一个角落里芬芳弥漫。是的，我的梦想。
一份从一而终的守望--给我的学生希望，给我的读者温暖，给我的爱人幸福。是的，我的梦想。从第一次站上讲台开始迷恋这个地方，从第一次发表文章开始憧憬文字世界，从决定留在这里开始，坚守心底的渴望。无论岁月在我们脸上增添了多少痕迹，无论世事在我们胸口划过多少到伤痕，只要我们还有呼吸的权利，就拥有重塑梦想的激情!只要我们还有生存的氧气，就拥有缔造激情的勇气!落红不是无情物，化作春泥更护花。
选择坚持，选择珍惜，选择成就生命的激情，勇敢的成就心中最初的梦想!
大学生英语演讲稿 7
ladies and gentlemen , good afternoon! i’m very glad to stand here and give you a short speech. today my topic is “youth”. i hope you will like it , and found the importance in your youth so that more cherish it.
first i want to ask you some questions:
1、 do you know what is youth?
2、 how do you master your youth?
youth
youth is not a time of life, it is a state of mind ; it is not rosy cheeks , red lips and supple knees, it is a matter of the emotions : it is the freshness ; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life .
youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity of the appetite , for adventure over the love of ease. this often exists in a man of 60 more than a boy of 20 . nobody grows old merely by a number of years . we grow old by deserting our ideals.
years wrinkle the skin , but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul . worry , fear , self –distrust bows the heart and turns the spirit back to dust .
whether 60 of 16 , there is in every human being ‘s heart the lure of wonders, the unfailing childlike appetite of what’s next and the joy of the game of living . in the center of your heart and my heart there’s a wireless station : so long as it receives messages of beauty , hope ,cheer, courage and power from men and from the infinite, so long as you are young .
when the aerials are down , and your spirit is covered with snows of cynicism and the ice of pessimism, then you are grown old ,even at 20 , but as long as your aerials are up ,to catch waves of optimism , there is hope you may die young at 80.
thank you!
青春
青春不是指岁月，而是指心态。粉嫩的脸，红润的唇，矫健的膝并不是青春。青春表现在意志的坚强与懦弱。想象的丰富与苍白、情感的.充沛与贫乏等方面。青春是生命深处清泉的喷涌。
青春是追求。只有当勇气盖过怯弱、进取压倒苟安之时，青春才存在。果如此，则60见之长者比20岁之少年更具青春活力。仅仅岁月的流逝并不能使他们衰老。而一旦抛弃理想和信念，则垂垂老也。
岁月只能使皮肤起皱。而一旦丧失生活的激情，则连灵魂枯老，使人生枯如死水，毫无活力。
60岁长者也好，16岁少年也罢，每个人的内心深处都渴望奇迹，都如孩子一般眨着期待的双眼，期待着下一次，期待着生活的情趣，你我灵魂深处都有一座无线电中转站------只有你我年轻，则总能听到希望的呼唤，总能发出喜悦的欢呼，总能传达勇气的讯号，总能表现出青春的活力………
一旦青春的天线倒下，你的灵魂即为玩世不恭之雪、悲观厌世之冰覆盖；即使你年方20.其实你已垂垂老也。而只要你青春的天线高高耸起，就可以随时接收到乐观的电波-----即使你年过八旬，行将就木，而你却仍然拥有青春，你仍然年轻。
谢谢！
大学生英语演讲稿 8
My favourite super star is JJ , he has a lovely dimple and his eyes are also very lovely . Now let me tell you the story about JJ .
He enterde the music indestry at the year 2004 , before that year ,he was only a boy who wrote songs for many super stars ,his songs were liked by many people but no one care who was the writer . He was noly hard to write songs because he like music ,he thought music has it soal , if you sing it by heart , it well be lived .
I like a song of him , it's name is CRIES IN A DISTANCE , the song tells us ,nothing is sad if we belive the hope . He has many difficulty , but his song says , cries in a distance , can't stop the tremble , I'm just waiting my turn , hiding will never , save me forever , the guns gonne get me for sure . Dear god I pray why won't you be my friend , come to me and take my hand ,like mama would say everything will be ok.
Now he is not rather a shy singer and performer , the lyrical songs make him mature ,and now he is a man or not a boy .
He is a real super star with many fans ,the improve mark a big step forward confident .
大学生英语演讲稿 9
Nothing is difficult if you put your heart on it. Nothing is easy if you don’t try your best.
We often hear people say, “Never give up.” This can be encouraging words and words of determination. A person who believes in them will keep trying to reach his goal no matter how many times he fails. In my opinion, the quality of determination to succeed is an important one to have. Therefore, I believe that we should never give up.
One reason is that if we give up too easily, we will rarely achieve anything. It is not unusual for us to fail in our first attempt at something new, so we should not feel discouraged and should try again. Besides, if we always give up when we fail, we will not be able to develop new skills and grow as people. Another reason we should never give up is that we can learn from our mistakes only if we make a new effort. If we do not try again, the lesson we have learned is wasted. Finally, we should never give up because as we work to reach our goals, we develop confidence, and this confidence can help us succeed in other areas of our lives.
Probably the greatest example of persistence is Abraham Lincoln. Born into poverty, Lincoln was faced with defeat throughout his life. He lost eight elections, twice failed in business and suffered a nervous breakdown.
He could have quit many times - but he didn't and because he didn't quit, he became one of the greatest presidents in the history of our country.
Lincoln was a champion and he never gave up.
In short, it is important that we don’t give up when working for our goals. Whether we succeed in the end or not, we will learn something, and what we learn will help us to become better, more confident people. Furthermore, if we give up, we have no chance of attaining our goals, but if we keep trying, there is always a chance that we will succeed one day.Thank you very much!
大学生英语演讲稿 10
in this competitive society it is essential to know how to sell yourself in order to get the job you want. that means you must be able to market your best features and present yourself in the best light. after all, you never get a second chance to make a first impression.
there are several things you can do to project a good image in an interview. first of all, look like a winner. dreconservatively and well, and you'll look like you're going to the top. second, communicate clearly. consider each question carefully and respond with total honesty. remember to make eye contact and maintain good posture. you need to look attentive but also at ease. third, have a positive and assertive attitude. it's important to appear confident of your ability and optimistic about your future. finally, be prepared. present a professional resume and be ready to explain everything in detail.
by following the advice above, you are bound to make a good impression on potential employers. then you will be able to choose the best opportunity for you and take that first step towards success.
dear you are sacred, because you are the myriad things vitality, did not have you, the world will be a piece of darkness. the light, you struggled escaped darkness, walked, let the myriad things be able the vitality, our humanity, wanted to work, had to eat meal, if did not have your □□light, in our eye or a dark piece, could not work, also did not understand the knowledge, only had carelessly gnaws the thing maintenance life, has fallen ill, also could not treat. perhaps several hundred years, in the world had not had the myriad things, does not have a sound of something astir, also does not have present the television, the computer, the electric refrigerator, the vehicle, the room... ... again has a look the present, on the main road to have two row of small trees, green and luxuriant, shop front broad. looks! that young girl puts on clothes are attractive; listens! the violin, the piano, the chinese violin sound is much wonderful! a merchant, is innovating the new brand; what is a dining room pondering diligently manipulates the pattern and does is not knowing vegetable. but you thought that, people's wisdom can leave ? no, this is not impossible. not light, the people also became a disabled person, the disabled person have been able to create the house; creates the piano, the violin... ... the light, the humanity perhaps had not had the preserve possibility, because the people left the light, cannot work, namely enables, also cannot have the harvest, because the light already was doomed the good friend which was the human good shade does not leave.
【大学生英语演讲稿 】相关文章：
大学生英语演讲稿11-26
大学生优秀英语演讲稿11-22
大学生英语演讲稿15篇02-18
大学生英语演讲稿4篇08-04
小学英语教学实习大学生暑假实习总结范文07-10
英语的演讲稿11-23
经典的英语演讲稿03-09
英语演讲稿08-26
英语演讲稿07-13